Wednesday 27 April 2011

How much data has been written to your ext4 partitions?

The ext4 file system has a bunch of per-device /sys entries in /sys/fs/ext4/ that can be used to inspect and change ext4 tuning parameters.   One of the read-only values available is lifetime_write_kbytes which shows the number of kilobytes of data written to the file system since it was created.   

For example, to see how much data was written on an ext4 filesystem on /dev/sda5, one uses:

cat /sys/fs/ext4/sda5/lifetime_write_kbytes

To see how much data in has been written in kilobytes since mount time, read  session_write_kbytes, for example:

cat /sys/fs/ext4/sda5/session_write_kbytes

For a full description of all the tunables, consult Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-ext4 in the Linux source.

Tuesday 26 April 2011

lstopo - display a topological map of a system

The hwloc (hardware locality) package contains the useful tool lstopo. To install use:

sudo apt-get install hwloc

By default, lstopo will display a logical view of the system caches and CPU cores, for example:


To get a non-graphical output use:

lstopo -

Machine (1820MB) + Socket #0 + L3 #0 (3072KB)
  L2 #0 (256KB) + L1 #0 (32KB) + Core #0
    PU #0 (phys=0)
    PU #1 (phys=2)
  L2 #1 (256KB) + L1 #1 (32KB) + Core #1
    PU #2 (phys=1)
    PU #3 (phys=3)

lstopo is also able to output the toplogy image in a variety of formats (Xfig, PDF, Postscript, PNG, SVG and XML) by specifying the output filename and extension, e.g.

lstopo topology.pdf

For more information, consult the manual for hwloc and lstopo.